In contrast to this, ankle fractures have been shown to increase the risk of a new fracture among postmenopausal women. The majority of ankle fractures are found among patients under the age of 60. It is also stated that a general increase in age-related incidences is not found among ankle fractures. While earlier studies on osteoporosis conclude that fractures of the wrist, humerus, vertebra and hip, for example have a significant relationship with low bone mass, ankle fractures do not. Īnkle fractures are not regarded as the typical fracture associated with osteoporosis. The groups of the AO/OTA classification system can also be translated to the Lauge-Hansen system. The AO/OTA classification system of ankle fractures can be seen as a development of the Danis-Weber classification with both the height of the fibula fracture taken into account as well as the number of fractured malleoli and comminution of the fibula. Īnkle fractures are commonly classified by the Danis-Weber, the Lauge-Hansen or the AO/OTA classification system.
It is generally accepted that the incidence of ankle fractures is rising, particularly among the elderly and female population. The incidence in different studies varies from 71 to 187 per 100,000 person-years. However, the length of hospitalization decreases year-by-year. Ankle fractures are also the second most common fracture requiring hospitalization. Similar numbers were found by Court-Brown et al. It is the fourth most frequent fracture type after hip, wrist and hand fractures registered in the Swedish Fracture Register and it constitutes approximately every tenth fracture.
Classification according to AO/OTA reveals some heterogeneity among the classes of ankle fractures in age and gender as well as the energy involved in the trauma.Īnkle fractures are one of the most common fractures among the adult population. This is in contrast to men who have more of an even distribution throughout their life. Females generally have an increased incidence during their life, mainly between the ages of 30 and 60. More than two thirds of the fractures were caused by a low-energy trauma and ankle fractures are more frequent among females. This study shows an incidence of 179 adult ankle fractures annually per 100,000 persons. Type B fractures showed a slightly higher proportion of low-energy trauma while type C showed a lower mean age and proportion of women. Incidences of type B fractures increased substantially with age, from 62 (95% CI 50–77) at 30–39 years of age to 158 (95% CI 131–190) in patients older than 80 years of age per 100,000 person-years. In 1.5% of the cases the fractures were open. Of these patients, 34.6% were 65 years or older, 58.4% were women and 68.2% of the trauma leading to a fracture was defined as low-energy. This gave an incidence in the county of 179 per 100,000 person-years. In Norrbotten County, 1756 ankle fractures in 1735 patients aged 20 years or older were identified. Information about the trauma mechanism was also obtained. MethodsĪnkle fractures, treated at any of the hospitals in Norrbotten County in Sweden between 20, were retrospectively identified and classified according to the AO/OTA-classification system. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between different AO/OTA classes of ankle fractures, age, sex and type of trauma.
The ankle fracture is one of the most common fractures, increasing in an ageing population, but not generally seen as an osteoporotic fracture.
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